ntchito

PVC utomoni ndiye chigawo chachikulu cha PVC chingwe, ndipo khalidwe lake ali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa makina ndi magetsi katundu zipangizo chingwe.

1 Njira yoyendetsera PVC

Nthawi zambiri, ma electron conduction ndi ma ion conduction amawonedwa mu ma polima, koma digiri yake ndi yosiyana.Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa njira ziwiri zoyendetsera ndikusiyana kwa zonyamulira.Mu ma polima, chonyamulira chamadzimadzi cha electron conduction mechanism ndi electron yaulere yomwe π bond electron imachotsedwa.Chonyamulira chamadzimadzi cha ion conduction mechanism nthawi zambiri chimakhala ma ion abwino komanso oyipa.Ambiri ma polima zochokera madutsidwe zamagetsi ndi ma polima conjugated, ndi PVC unyolo waukulu makamaka ulalo umodzi chomangira, alibe dongosolo conjugated, choncho makamaka amachititsa magetsi ndi ion conduction.Komabe, pamaso pa kuwala kwamakono ndi kwa UV, PVC imachotsa HCl ndikupanga zidutswa za polyolefin zopanda unsaturated, kotero pali ma elekitironi a π, omwe amatha kuyendetsa magetsi.

2.2.1 kulemera kwa maselo

Mphamvu ya kulemera kwa maselo pamayendedwe a ma polima amagwirizana ndi njira yayikulu yoyendetsera ma polima.Kwa ma elekitironi conductivity, conductivity idzawonjezeka chifukwa kulemera kwa maselo kumawonjezeka ndipo njira ya intramolecular ya electron imatalika.Ndi kuchepa kwa kulemera kwa maselo, kusuntha kwa ion kumawonjezeka ndipo kusinthika kumawonjezeka.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kulemera kwa maselo kumakhudzanso mawotchi azinthu zamagetsi.Kulemera kwa maselo a PVC utomoni kumapangitsa kuti kuzizira kwake kukhale bwino, kukhazikika kwa kutentha ndi mphamvu zamakina.

2.2.2 Kukhazikika kwamafuta

Kukhazikika kwamafuta ndi chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri komanso zofunika kwambiri zowunikira mtundu wa utomoni.Zimakhudza mwachindunji ukadaulo waukadaulo wazinthu zakutsikira kwamadzi ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa.Pogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zida zomangira za PVC, kufunikira kwa kutentha kwa utomoni wa PVC kukukulirakulira.Kuyera kwa ukalamba ndi chizindikiro chofunikira chowunikira kukhazikika kwa utomoni, kuti muweruze kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwa utomoni.

2.2.3 Zolemba za ion

Nthawi zambiri, PVC imayendetsa magetsi makamaka ndi ma ion conduction, kotero ma ion amakhudza kwambiri ma conduction.The zitsulo cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Al3+, Zn2+, Mg2+, etc.) mu polima amatenga mbali kutsogolera, pamene anions (Cl-, SO42-, etc.) alibe chikoka pang'ono pa madutsidwe magetsi chifukwa cha awo ma radius akuluakulu komanso kusamuka kwapang'onopang'ono.Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, pamene PVC ikhoza kuyambitsa zotsatira za dechlorination pansi pa magetsi a magetsi ndi UV, Cl- imatulutsidwa, momwemo anion imagwira ntchito yaikulu.

2.2.4 Kuchulukana kowonekera

Kachulukidwe kowoneka bwino komanso kuyamwa kwamafuta kwa utomoni kumakhudza zomwe utomoni umachita pambuyo pake, makamaka utomoni wapulasitiki, ndipo pulasitiki imakhudza mwachindunji katundu wazinthu.Pansi pa mapangidwe omwewo ndi kukonza zinthu, utomoni umakhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono kwambiri komanso kachulukidwe kakang'ono kwambiri, zomwe zingakhudze kusamutsidwa kwa zinthu zopangira ma utomoni, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mankhwalawo asamavutike kwambiri.

2.2.5 zina

PVC utomoni mu "fisheye", ion zonyansa ndi zinthu zina mu ndondomeko kupanga chingwe kukhala kodetsa ngati knob, kotero kuti chingwe pamwamba si yosalala, kukhudza maonekedwe a zinthu, ndi "makona" kuzungulira mapangidwe magetsi ena. kusiyana, kuwononga PVC zinthu chibadidwe kutchinjiriza ntchito.

Pansi pazikhalidwe zomwezo pambuyo pokonza, kachulukidwe kowoneka bwino, kuyamwa kwa plasticizer ndi zizindikiro zina zogwirira ntchito zimakhudza mwachindunji zomwe zimachitika pambuyo pokonza, ndipo kusiyanasiyana kwa pulasitiki kumabweretsa kusiyana kwa magwiridwe antchito.

Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti zowonjezera zomwe zili ndi magulu ogwira ntchito zimatha kuyambitsidwa pambuyo pa polyvinyl chloride polymerization, mwachitsanzo, kumapeto kwa kaphatikizidwe kapena musanayambe kuyanika komaliza.Poly ali ndi 1 ~ 30% chinyezi ndi okwana 0.0002 ~ 0.001% polycarboxylic acid, akhoza kusintha voliyumu resistivity wa mankhwala.KUYAMBIRA KWA 0.1-2% phosphate ion yokhala ndi COMPOUNDS (alkyl hydrogen phosphate, ammonium oxyphosphate, C≤20 alkyl phosphate, organic phosphate) mu kuyimitsidwa kwa polyvinyl chloride, ndi kuwonjezera kwa zitsulo zamchere zamchere zomwe zili ndi 0.1-2%, kuti kuziyika pa polima, zitha kupititsa patsogolo kukana kwa voliyumu komanso kusinthasintha kwa dielectric kwa utomoni.