ntchito

Chitoliro cholimba cha PVC ndi zopangira zitoliro ndizomwe zikukula mwachangu pazinthu zambiri za PVC m'dziko lathu, komanso ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi chitoliro cha pulasitiki.Pambuyo polengeza ndi kukwezedwa kwa chitoliro cha PVC m'dziko lathu m'zaka zaposachedwa, makamaka kuthandizira ndondomeko za dziko, kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chitoliro cha PVC chapanga chitukuko chachikulu.Kupanga kwa PVC chitoliro chakhala choposa 50% ya kuchuluka kwa chitoliro cha pulasitiki.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale ambiri, monga mafakitale, zomangamanga, ulimi ndi zina zotero.

Kukula kwa chitoliro cha PVC

1. Ubwino wa PVC chitoliro

Popanga utomoni wapadziko lonse lapansi, utomoni wa PVC umakhala wotsika kwambiri wa ethylene komanso mtengo wotsika kwambiri wopanga.Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ethylene pa tani imodzi ya PVC pakupanga m'nyumba ndi matani 0.5314, ndipo pafupifupi matani a ethylene pa tani imodzi ya polyethylene ndi matani 1.042.Kugwiritsa ntchito ethylene pa tani imodzi ya utomoni wa PVC ku China ndi pafupifupi 50% poyerekeza ndi polyethylene.Mpweya wa klorini womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga PVC ndi njira yofunikira yolinganiza kupanga caustic soda kuti apange mpweya wa chlorine.Caustic soda ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pachuma cha dziko.Kuonjezera apo, kuchokera kuzinthu zapulasitiki, PVC ili ndi mgwirizano wabwino ndi othandizira osiyanasiyana, ndipo zodzaza zambiri zotsika mtengo zikhoza kuwonjezeredwa pakupanga mapaipi, kotero kuti mtengo wopangira uchepetse kwambiri.

Poyerekeza ndi mipope zitsulo, PVC chitoliro kupanga pa kiyubiki mita wa PVC ndi kupanga pa kiyubiki mita zitsulo ndi zotayidwa mawerengedwe, mowa zitsulo mphamvu ndi 316KJ/m3, zotayidwa mphamvu mowa ndi 619KJ/m3, mowa PVC mphamvu ndi 70KJ/m3, ndiko , kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zachitsulo ndi nthawi 4.5 za PVC, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za aluminiyamu ndi nthawi 8.8 za PVC.Ndipo kupanga PVC chitoliro processing mphamvu mowa ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a chimodzimodzi caliber zitsulo chitoliro.Pa nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa yosalala khoma la PVC chitoliro, palibe dzimbiri chotupa, mkulu madzi yobereka dzuwa, chifukwa kulowetsedwa angapulumutse pafupifupi 20% ya magetsi.

PVC chitoliro ali katundu wabwino mawotchi, ndipo ali kwambiri dzimbiri kukana, kulemera kuwala m'kati ntchito, unsembe yabwino, safuna kukonza, ndi ntchito zitsulo kwa anthu zomangamanga chitoliro zimbudzi, m'kati ntchito chifukwa cha dzimbiri mosavuta, ayenera nthawi zambiri yokutidwa ndi utoto, kukwera mtengo kukonza.General yomanga ndi ntchito pagulu ndi mipope zitsulo za zaka 20 ayenera m'malo, ndi udindo wa processing wabwino wa mapaipi PVC, moyo utumiki wa zaka 50.Choncho, PVC chitoliro ndi wabwino pulasitiki mankhwala ndi mtengo otsika kupanga, mphamvu mkulu ndi kukana dzimbiri.

Kunena zambiri, pankhani ya zimbudzi, madzi zinyalala ndi mpweya mapaipi, mapaipi PVC kupulumutsa pafupifupi 16-37% ya unsembe ndi ntchito ndalama kuposa kuponyedwa zitsulo mapaipi.Mtengo wopangira chubu chowongolera ndi 30-33% yocheperako kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito manja achitsulo.The zochita za chlorinated polyvinyl kolorayidi (PVC) chitoliro mu madzi ozizira ndi otentha, poyerekeza ndi ntchito zofanana kukula mkuwa chitoliro ndalama ndalama 23-44%.Choncho, chifukwa cha ubwino wa chitoliro cha PVC, mayiko akupanga ndikulimbikitsa chitoliro cha PVC.

2. Kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chitoliro cha PVC

Kuyambira 80 nthawi, dziko lathu anayambitsa zitsanzo zosiyanasiyana PVC chitoliro extrusion kupanga mzere zikwi.Pakali pano, dziko lathu UPVC (zolimba PVC) chitoliro ndi zitoliro zovekera zomera kupanga ndi zoposa 600, okwana kupanga mphamvu matani 1.1 miliyoni/chaka pamwamba, pali opanga oposa 30 ndi sikelo kupanga matani 10,000/chaka, pali opanga oposa 60 ndi sikelo ya matani 0.5-10,000/chaka, zida kupanga UPVC chitoliro ndi zovekera chitoliro kwenikweni anazindikira m'nyumba.

M'DZIKO LATHU, PVC PIPE IKUPHUNZITSIDWA koyambirira kuposa chitoliro cha PE ndi PP PIPE, pali mitundu yambiri, magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri, ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri, okhala ndi malo ofunikira pamsika.Pofika kumapeto kwa 1999, panali mizere yopitilira 2000 yopanga mapaipi apulasitiki ku China, pomwe zida zomwe zidatumizidwa kunja zidatenga pafupifupi 15%.Mphamvu yopanga mipope ya pulasitiki yosiyanasiyana m'dziko lathu mu 1999 inali yoposa matani 1.65 miliyoni / chaka, kutulutsa kwenikweni kwa matani pafupifupi 1,000,000, komwe mapaipi a UPVC adapitilira 50%.

Kwa zaka zambiri, padziko lonse lapansi PVC ntchito msika, zomangira msika ndi waukulu, ndi liwiro likuchulukirachulukira.M'zaka zaposachedwa, zida zomangira zaku America zidapanga 60% yazogulitsa zake zonse, 62% ku Western Europe, 50% ku Japan, koma zosakwana 30% m'dziko lathu, zomwe zili ndi mwayi wokwera.Mu zinthu zomangira katundu, ndipo makamaka chitoliro ndi mbiri, kuphatikizapo kumanga ndi kutsika madzi chitoliro, ulimi ulimi wothirira chitoliro, chitoliro gasi, chitoliro chamafuta opanda mafuta ndi zina zotero.

Kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chitoliro cha UPVC m'dziko lathu kumayamba kutukuka mwachangu munyengo yachisanu ndi chinayi yazaka zisanu, zomwe zimapindula kwambiri ndi thandizo lamphamvu la boma komanso kumvetsetsa kwa anthu pazitoliro za UPVC.

Pakali pano, kugwiritsa ntchito chubu la pulasitiki m'dziko lathu lakula kwambiri osati kuchuluka kokha komanso mumitundu ndi mawonekedwe.Mwachitsanzo, chitoliro cha UPVC chafika kupitilira 90% pakugwiritsa ntchito ngalande m'mizinda ina, ndipo mabizinesi ambiri a mapaipi a UPVC ali ndi zabwino zambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa.

Munthawi ya Mapulani a Zaka Zisanu Chakhumi, kukwezeleza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mapaipi apulasitiki makamaka anali mapaipi apulasitiki a UPVC ndi PE, ndipo mapaipi ena atsopano apulasitiki adapangidwa mwamphamvu.Pofika mchaka cha 2005, mu ntchito yomanganso, yomanganso ndi kukulitsa m'dziko lonselo, 50% ya mipope yomanga ngalande idzatengera mapaipi apulasitiki, 20% ya mipope ya m'tawuni itenga mapaipi apulasitiki, 60% yamadzi omanga, madzi otentha ndi mapaipi otentha. kutengera mipope pulasitiki, 50% ya mipope madzi m'tawuni (Dn400 kapena zochepa) adzakhala kutengera mipope pulasitiki, 60% ya mipope madzi m'mudzi adzatengera mapaipi pulasitiki, Urban gasi payipi (wapakatikati ndi otsika kuthamanga chitoliro) 50% ntchito chitoliro pulasitiki, zomangamanga waya ulusi manja 80% ntchito pulasitiki chitoliro.Zikuyembekezeka kuti kufunikira kwa mapaipi apulasitiki mu 2005 kudzakhala matani oposa 2 miliyoni, ambiri omwe ndi mapaipi a PVC.

M'mayiko otukuka, kumwa PVC chitoliro zambiri nkhani 70-80% ya msika pulasitiki chitoliro, koma Chinese PVC chitoliro yekha nkhani pafupifupi 50% ya kuchuluka kwa chitoliro pulasitiki, kuthekera chitukuko cha PVC chitoliro m'dziko lathu ndi chachikulu kwambiri.Kuchuluka kwa mipope ya PVC m'mayiko otukuka ndi motere: chitoliro cha madzi ndi 33%, chitoliro cha sewero ndi 22.3%, chitoliro cha zimbudzi ndi 15,7%, chitoliro cha ulimi wothirira ndi 5.2%, chitoliro cha gasi ndi 0,8%, zina. chitoliro ndi 22.7%.Pakati pawo, chiŵerengero cha magwiritsidwe a zitoliro ndi chitoliro ndi za 1: 8.

Pamsika womanga, pali mitundu iwiri ya chitoliro cha PVC chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito: imodzi ndi chitoliro chosagwira ntchito, china ndi chitoliro chosakakamiza.Chitoliro chachitsulo choponyera ndi chitoliro chamkuwa chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kale ngati zipangizo zomangira zomangira, osati zowonongeka kwambiri, komanso zimafunika kukonzanso pafupipafupi komanso kusinthidwa, kukwera mtengo.Nyumba zakunja tsopano zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mapaipi amadzi opanikizika, chitoliro chamadzi otentha chimagwiritsa ntchito chitoliro cha PVC.Chitoliro chaching'ono cha PVC (chitoliro cha UPVC, chitoliro cha CPVC) chili ndi zabwino zotsika mtengo, kukana dzimbiri, ndipo sichifuna kukonzanso pafupipafupi komanso kusinthidwa.Ndipo lalikulu m'mimba mwake PVC kuthamanga chitoliro (m'mimba mwake 100-900mm) m'malo chitsulo chitoliro, kuonjezera yaing'ono matope chitoliro, dongosolo madzi ali liquidity wabwino, kukana dzimbiri, otsika kulemera.Kupulumutsa magetsi, madzi abwino.The PVC pachimake wosanjikiza thovu chitoliro sanali kupsyinjika chitoliro ngati m'nyumba sewero chitoliro ndi mvula dongosolo chitoliro, angathe kuthetsa vuto phokoso la m'nyumba sewero chitoliro.Public zomangamanga zimbudzi chitoliro utenga sanali-anzanu PVC chitoliro, kukana dzimbiri, osati ndi kukokoloka wa hydrogen sulfide, moyo wautali utumiki, kulemera kuwala, otsika mtengo unsembe, zosavuta kulumikiza ndi kusindikiza, zovuta kuswa.

Komanso, kumanga waya chitoliro ndi mobisa chingwe chitoliro ndi msika wina PVC chitoliro, mitundu panopa zoweta ndi molunjika kutambasula chitoliro, pawiri khoma chitoliro ndi mvukuto umodzi khoma.

Chitoliro chaulimi ndi gawo linanso lalikulu la kugwiritsa ntchito PVC.Dziko lathu ndi la dziko lopanda madzi, pakali pano minda yambiri m’dziko lathu ikugwiritsabe ntchito ulimi wothirira m’nthaka, ndipo kutaya madzi n’koopsa kwambiri.Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa madzi, malo ambiri olima ndi osathiriridwa bwino komanso zokolola zimakhala zochepa.Ndipo ndi ulimi wothirira PVC chitoliro, akhoza kupulumutsa pafupifupi 50% madzi.Kugwiritsa ntchito PVC zokhazikika kapena theka-okhazikika dongosolo ulimi wothirira kubzala, osati kupulumutsa madzi, komanso kusintha zokolola, zida dzimbiri ndi ubwino zina, kupulumutsa kwambiri mtengo wa ulimi wothirira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa malo.Pakali pano, palibe dera lathunthu la ulimi wothirira chitoliro m'dziko lathu, madera ambiri a dziko alibe chidziwitso chofunikira cha ulimi wothirira chitoliro, choncho, kuwonjezera kulengeza ndi kupititsa patsogolo ulimi wothirira wa PVC kumidzi, kuthekera kwake ndi kwakukulu kwambiri. .

3. Mapaipi ena a PVC omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku China

UPVC chubu: Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri chubu la UPVC ndi ntchito yomanga.Pakalipano, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapaipi amadzi apampopi ndi mapaipi amadzi okhala m'zigawo zonse ndi mizinda m'dziko lonselo, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pantchito yomanga monga mipope ya ngalande, mapaipi amvula ndi mapaipi opangira ulusi.Chubu cha UPVC chili ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri, kuzimitsa komanso kuzimitsa moto, kukana kwabwino, khoma losalala lamkati, magwiridwe antchito amagetsi amagetsi, koma kulimba kwa chubu cha UPVC ndikotsika, kufalikira kwa mzere ndi kwakukulu, kutentha kocheperako.Poyerekeza ndi chitoliro chachitsulo choponyedwa, kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chitoliro cha UPVC kungapulumutse 55-68% ya mphamvu, ndipo poyerekeza ndi chitoliro chamalata, kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chitoliro cha madzi a UPVC kungapulumutse 62-75% ya mphamvu, ndi mtengo pa unit kutalika kwa mfundo zomwezo ndi theka la chitoliro kanasonkhezereka, ndi unsembe mtengo ndi 70% m'munsi kuposa chitoliro kanasonkhezereka.Kugwiritsa ntchito 1 tani ya chitoliro chamadzi cha UPVC kumatha kusintha matani 12 a chitoliro chachitsulo.Toni imodzi ya mvuvu ya UPVC imatha kupulumutsa matani 25 achitsulo.

Kore layer thovu chubu: Core layer thovu chubu ndi mtundu watsopano wa chubu wokhala ndi zigawo zamkati ndi zakunja zopangidwa ndi njira zitatu zosanjikiza co-extrusion, zomwe ndi zofanana ndi chubu wamba UPVC.Pakatikati pali chithovu chochepa chokhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka 0.7-0.9.Kukhazikika kwake kwa annular ndi kuwirikiza ka 8 kuposa chubu wamba wa UPVC, ndipo kumakhala kukhazikika bwino komanso kutchinjiriza kutentha kutentha kumasintha.Zoyenera kwambiri pamakina apamwamba omangira ngalande.

Poyerekeza ndi chubu cholimba cha khoma, chubu cha thovu chapakati chimatha kupulumutsa zinthu zopitilira 25%, ndipo luso lamkati lamakhoma limakhala bwino kwambiri.Mu khoma lamkati la pachimake wosanjikiza thovu silencer chubu ndi angapo otukukira pansi mizere helical, madzi pamodzi mkati khoma la chubu ufulu mosalekeza otaya otaya, kupanga ndime ya mpweya pakati pa kuda chitoliro, kuti kuthamanga mu chitoliro chachepetsedwa ndi 10%, mphamvu zambiri zimachulukitsidwa ndi nthawi 10, kusamutsidwa kumawonjezeka ka 6, phokoso ndi 30-40db pansi kuposa chitoliro cha UPVC chokhetsa.

PVC radial kulimbikitsa chitoliro: Kupanga kwa chitoliro ichi pogwiritsa ntchito nkhungu yapadera ndi chipangizo chotsatira chotsatira, ndi mtundu wamtundu wolemera kwambiri wolimbitsa mphete ya galasi.Amadziwika ndi kulimbikitsana kwa ma radial pakhoma lakunja la chitoliro, zomwe zimatha kusintha kwambiri kuuma ndi kulimba kwa mphete ya chitoliro.Ndizoyenera kwambiri kukhetsa madzi mu engineering ya ma municipalities.

Mivuto yapakhoma pawiri: mivuto yapakhoma iwiri imapangidwa potulutsa machubu awiri okhazikika nthawi imodzi ndiyeno kuwotcherera chubu chakunja cha mivuvuyo pachubu chamkuwa chokhala ndi khoma losalala lamkati.Ndi khoma losalala lamkati ndi khoma lakunja lamalata, kulemera kwake ndi mphamvu yayikulu, poyerekeza ndi chubu wamba UPVC imatha kupulumutsa 40-60% yazinthu zopangira, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana ndi chitoliro cha chingwe, chitoliro chotulutsa zomanga ndi chitoliro chaulimi.

PVC nthawi-kudzera analimbitsa chitoliro: ndi mkati ndi kunja zigawo ziwiri za pulasitiki extrusion akamaumba, sandwiched ndi CHIKWANGWANI kupanga, kusinthasintha wabwino, akhoza anapinda.PVC mandala chitoliro ali wabwino kukana asidi, kukana alkali, kukana mafuta, kukana kukalamba, akhoza m'malo chitoliro labala, ndipo mtengo ndi wotchipa.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu nayitrogeni, mpweya, mpweya wa monoxide ndi mpweya wina ndi madzi, kusungunula zamchere, mafuta ndi zakumwa zina zoyendera, zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chotenthetsera madzi, sprayer, mpweya wophika.

Chitoliro cha CPVC: Chitoliro cha CPVC ndi mtundu wa chitoliro cha pulasitiki chokhala ndi kukana bwino kwa kutentha, chomwe chimakonzedwa ndi chlorinated polyvinyl chloride yokhala ndi chlorine yoposa 66%.Kutentha kosagwirizana ndi kutentha kwa chitoliro cha CPVC ndi choposa 30 ℃ kuposa chitoliro cha UPVC, ndipo kukhazikika kwapakatikati kumakhala bwino, ndipo kukula kwa mzere kumachepetsedwa.CPVC chubu ali kwambiri kutentha kukana, kukalamba kukana, mankhwala dzimbiri kukana, palibe mapindikidwe madzi otentha, angagwiritsidwe ntchito madzi otentha, dzimbiri zosagwira madzi ndi mpweya kayendedwe.