ntchito

Pawiri khoma malata chitoliro ndi mtundu watsopano wa chitoliro, ndi kulemera kuwala, mphamvu mkulu, yomanga yabwino, kupulumutsa zinthu ndi ubwino zina.Poyerekeza ndi mphamvu yomweyo ya kuwala khoma chubu, akhoza kupulumutsa pafupifupi 40% ya zopangira, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulankhula kuwala chingwe m'chimake, ngalande nyumba, ngalande tauni, famu otsika-anzanu ulimi wothirira ndi minda ina.M'zaka zaposachedwapa, ntchito iwiri-khoma mvukuto pang'onopang'ono kukodzedwa, m'munda wa kulankhulana chingwe casing, kwenikweni m'malo simenti chitoliro.Poyerekeza ndi chitoliro china cha pulasitiki, kumwa kwake ndikonso kwakukulu.M'munda wa ngalande zomanga, chifukwa cha kutsekemera kwa mawu kumakhala kosauka pang'ono, panthawi imodzimodziyo, kukula kwa zopangira zitoliro sikukwanira, kotero kuchuluka kwake sikokwanira.Komabe, m'matauni ndi ngalande za fakitale, makamaka kugwiritsa ntchito mivundi yayikulu m'mimba mwake iwiri ikuwonjezeka.Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwapawiri khoma malata chitoliro poyerekeza ndi mfundo yomweyo ya mtengo pulasitiki kuwala khoma chitoliro ndi otsika, mkombero yomanga akhoza kufupikitsidwa 5 ~ 10 nthawi.

China idayamba kuyambitsa kupanga chitoliro chamtunduwu kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, poyamba makamaka yaying'ono m'mimba mwake ya φ 110 kapena kuchepera, zopangira ndi PVC, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati chosungira chingwe cholumikizira.M'zaka zaposachedwa, mavuvu amitundu iwiri amakula pang'onopang'ono kupita ku mbali yayikulu.Pakalipano, mavuvu akuluakulu apakhomo akhoza kukhala φ 1200. Zopangira zogwiritsidwa ntchito zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuchokera ku MAKAMALI PVC kupita ku PE, PP ndi zina zotero.Zida zopangira ma Bellows zidakulanso kuyambira pachiyambi.Pakali pano, mafakitale ambiri zida zoweta akhoza kupanga mvuto kupanga mzere ndi awiri mpaka 1200mm.

Pali mitundu itatu ya ma thermoplastics omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapaipi otsekera: POLYvinyl chloride, polyethylene ndi polypropylene.Zotanuka modulus E mwazinthu zitatuzi (malinga ndi PREN13476-1) ndi:

Mwachiwonekere, POLYvinyl chloride ndiye wapamwamba kwambiri, wotsatiridwa ndi polypropylene ndi polyethylene wotsikitsitsa.Chifukwa chakuti zotanuka modulus E za POLYvinyl chloride ndi zazikulu kuposa polyolefin, kuuma kwa mphete komweko kungathe kupezedwa ndi kamphindi kakang'ono ka inertia I. Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a mafunde omwewo mungagwiritse ntchito makulidwe ang'onoang'ono a khoma.Mu osiyanasiyana PVC pawiri - khoma mvukuto mu phindu zachuma, kotero m'munda wa kukwiriridwa ngalande chitoliro PVC pawiri - khoma mvukuto mu ntchito oyambirira ndi ndalama yaikulu.M'zaka zaposachedwa, mavuvu a polyolefin okhala ndi khoma lawiri apangidwa mwachangu, pazifukwa izi:

The fluidity ndi matenthedwe bata la PVC zipangizo ndi osauka, kotero n'zovuta kupanga lalikulu m'mimba mwake khoma chitoliro.(Pakadali pano, kukula kwa PVC-wiri-wall bellows m'misika yakunja ndi yochepera 500mm. M'mawu oyamba, wopanga m'modzi yekha ndi amene akupanga 1000mm mainchesi.) Zida za polyolefin zimatha kupanga mavuvu okhala ndi mipanda iwiri yokhala ndi zazikulu. m'mimba mwake (kufikira 1800 mm).

Chifukwa palibe chidziwitso chaukadaulo pankhaniyi pomwe chitukuko cham'nyumba cha drainpipe chokwiriridwa chikuyamba, chimadalira bizinesiyo kuti ifufuze njira zina zopotoka.

Mwachitsanzo, kupanga koyamba kwa polyethylene iwiri-khoma mvuto wagwiritsa ntchito PE80 mkulu osalimba polyethylene zakuthupi oyenera mapaipi mpweya.Nkhaniyi pofuna kuonetsetsa kusinthasintha kwa chitoliro mpweya, maselo kulemera ndi otsika, zotanuka modulus ndi otsika (m'munsimu 800Mpa), ntchito kupanga mivumvu iwiri khoma nthawi zambiri sangathe kufika chofunika mphete stiffness, kuwonjezera khoma makulidwe, mwachionekere osati chuma.Mu 2003, sinopec yanhua kampani anatsogolera kupanga 6360M mkulu kachulukidwe polyethylene HDPE awiri khoma malata chitoliro zakuthupi m'manda ku China malinga ndi zofuna za owerenga, kujambula zinachitikira zachilendo chitukuko kwa zaka zambiri ndipo malinga ndi zofunikira za mayiko. miyezo yapamwamba.6360M polymerization ndondomeko utenga patsogolo pawiri nsonga kupanga luso, kuti zinthu zapaderazi ndi wapadera kwambiri maselo unyolo dongosolo, mkulu zotanuka modulus ndi nthawi yomweyo kuonetsetsa kwambiri akulimbana kukana, kukana zimakhudza ndi katundu wina.Kenako, Yanhua anayamba zinthu zapadera 7000 kwa m'manda ngalande chitoliro oyenera lalikulu m'mimba mwake polyethylene iwiri-khoma mvuto.

QHE16A/B, utomoni wapadera wa mavuvu akulu akulu a HDPE okhala ndi makoma awiri opangidwa pamodzi ndi Qilu Petrochemical Research Institute ndi fakitale ya pulasitiki, yadziwika ndi opanga mabelu ambiri ndipo yakhala imodzi mwa zida zoyambirira komanso zopambana kwambiri za HDPE. mvuvu wapawiri-wapawiri utomoni wapadera wopangidwa ku China.Nkhani yapaderayi imatenga njira yatsopano ya S-type catalyst, ili ndi dongosolo lathunthu laukadaulo, ndipo imakhala ndi mphamvu yosungunuka kwambiri, yopindika modulus komanso kukhazikika kwamafuta.Chitoliro chachikulu chokhala ndi makhoma awiri opangidwa ndi zinthu zapaderazi chimakhala ndi kuwala kwabwino, kulimba kwa mphete komanso magwiridwe antchito odana ndi ukalamba, omwe angafanane ndi magwiridwe antchito azinthu zotumizidwa kunja, ndipo amatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zopanga khoma lalikulu lamitundu iwiri. malata chitoliro cha mizere yopangira m'nyumba zosiyanasiyana.