ntchito

WPC ndi zinthu zophatikizika zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mapulasitiki osungunuka otentha, kuphatikiza polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride ndi ma copolymers awo ngati zomatira, pogwiritsa ntchito ufa wamatabwa monga nkhuni, udzu waulimi, chipolopolo chaulimi monga zida zodzaza, kuumba extrusion kapena njira yopondereza, jekeseni akamaumba njira.The otentha kusungunula zipangizo pulasitiki zingagwiritsidwe ntchito mafakitale kapena moyo zinyalala zipangizo, nkhuni ufa angagwiritsidwenso ntchito nkhuni processing zinyalala, matabwa ang'onoang'ono ndi zina otsika mtengo nkhuni.Kuchokera pakupanga zinthu zopangira, zinthu zapulasitiki zamatabwa zimachepetsa ndikuchotsa kuipitsidwa kwa zinyalala zapulasitiki, komanso kuthetsa kuipitsidwa komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kutentha kwa zomera zaulimi ku chilengedwe.Kusankhidwa kwa fomula yazinthu mumagulu ophatikizika kumaphatikizapo zinthu izi:

1. Ma polima

Mapulasitiki omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga matabwa apulasitiki amatha kukhala mapulasitiki a thermoset ndi thermoplastics, mapulasitiki a thermoset monga epoxy resins, thermoplastics monga polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) ndi polyoxyethylene (PVC).Chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwamafuta kwamitengo yamatabwa, ma thermoplastics okhawo omwe amatha kutentha pansi pa 200 ° C amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, makamaka polyethylene.Kusankhidwa kwa ma polima apulasitiki makamaka kutengera mawonekedwe a polima, zosowa zazinthu, kupezeka kwazinthu zopangira, mtengo komanso kuchuluka kwazodziwika nazo.Monga: polypropylene imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zamagalimoto ndi zinthu zatsiku ndi tsiku, PVC imagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga zitseko ndi Windows, mapanelo opaka ndi zina zotero.Kuonjezera apo, kusungunuka kwa madzi (MFI) a pulasitiki kumakhalanso ndi zotsatira zina pa katundu wa zinthu zophatikizika, pansi pamikhalidwe yofananira, MFI ya utomoni ndi yapamwamba, kulowetsedwa kwa nkhuni kumakhala bwino, kugawidwa kwa ufa wa nkhuni kumakhala kofanana kwambiri, ndipo kulowetsedwa ndi kugawidwa kwa ufa wa nkhuni kumakhudza makina azinthu zophatikizika, makamaka mphamvu yamphamvu.

2. Zowonjezera

Popeza nkhuni ufa ali amphamvu mayamwidwe madzi ndi polarity amphamvu, ndipo thermoplastics ambiri si polar ndi hydrophobic, ngakhale pakati pa awiriwa ndi osauka, ndi mawonekedwe omangirira mphamvu ndi yaing'ono kwambiri, ndi zina zoyenera nthawi zambiri ntchito kusintha pamwamba polima. ndi ufa wamatabwa kuti upangitse mgwirizano pakati pa ufa wa nkhuni ndi utomoni.Kuphatikiza apo, kubalalitsidwa kwa ufa wodzaza nkhuni mu thermoplastics wosungunuka ndi wosauka, nthawi zambiri munjira yophatikizira, kupangitsa kuti kusungunuka kukhale koyipa, kukonza kwa extrusion kumakhala kovuta, ndipo othandizira opangira mankhwala akuyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti azitha kuyendetsa bwino. extrusion akamaumba.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, matrix apulasitiki amafunikanso kuwonjezera zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana kuti apititse patsogolo ntchito yake yokonza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omalizidwa, kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu yomangirira pakati pa ufa wa nkhuni ndi polima komanso makina azinthu zamagulu.Zowonjezera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi magulu awa:

a) Coupling wothandizira atha kupanga mawonekedwe amphamvu ogwirizana pakati pa pulasitiki ndi matabwa pamwamba ufa;Pa nthawi yomweyo, akhoza kuchepetsa mayamwidwe madzi ufa nkhuni ndi kusintha ngakhale ndi kubalalitsidwa nkhuni ufa ndi pulasitiki, kotero makina katundu wa gulu zipangizo ndi bwino bwino.Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi: isocyanate, isopropylbenzene peroxide, aluminate, phthalates, silane coupling agent, maleic anhydride modified polypropylene (MAN-g-PP), ethylene-acrylate (EAA).Nthawi zambiri, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa kugwirizana wothandizira ndi 1wt% ~ 8wt% ya kuchuluka anawonjezera nkhuni ufa, monga silane lumikiza wothandizira akhoza kusintha adhesion pulasitiki ndi matabwa ufa, kusintha kubalalitsidwa kwa nkhuni ufa, kuchepetsa mayamwidwe madzi, ndi zamchere. chithandizo cha nkhuni ufa akhoza kusintha kubalalitsidwa kwa nkhuni ufa, sangathe bwino mayamwidwe madzi a ufa nkhuni ndi adhesion ndi pulasitiki.Dziwani kuti maleate coupling agent ndi stearate lubricant adzakhala ndi zochita zonyansa, zomwe zidzachititsa kuchepa kwa khalidwe la mankhwala ndi zokolola zikagwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi.

b) Pulasitiki Kwa ma resin ena omwe ali ndi kutentha kwa magalasi apamwamba komanso kusungunuka kwa kukhuthala kwamadzi, monga kuuma kwa PVC, zimakhala zovuta kuzikonza zikaphatikizidwa ndi ufa wa nkhuni, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimafunika kuwonjezera pulasitiki kuti ipititse patsogolo ntchito yake.Mapangidwe a molekyulu a Plasticizer ali ndi majini a polar komanso omwe si a polar, pochita kukameta ubweya wambiri, amatha kulowa muunyolo wama cell a polar, kudzera mumtundu wa polar amakopana wina ndi mnzake kuti apange dongosolo lofananira komanso lokhazikika, komanso kuyika kwake kwa molekyulu yayitali yopanda polar. imafooketsa kukopana kwa mamolekyu a polima, kotero kuti kukonza kumakhala kosavuta.Dibutyl phthalate (DOS) ndi mapulasitiki ena nthawi zambiri amawonjezeredwa kumagulu apulasitiki amatabwa.Mwachitsanzo, mu PVC nkhuni ufa gulu zakuthupi, Kuwonjezera plasticizer DOP akhoza kuchepetsa kutentha processing, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka ndi utsi wa nkhuni ufa, ndi bwino kumakoka mphamvu ya zinthu gulu pamene elongation pa yopuma ukuwonjezeka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zomwe zili mu DOP.

c) Mafuta opangira matabwa ndi pulasitiki nthawi zambiri amafunikira kuwonjezera mafuta opangira mafuta kuti asungunuke komanso kutsekemera kwapamwamba kwa zinthu zomwe zatulutsidwa, ndipo mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito amagawidwa kukhala zothirira zamkati ndi zothirira zakunja.Kusankhidwa kwa mafuta amkati kumakhudzana ndi utomoni wa matrix womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito, womwe uyenera kukhala wogwirizana bwino ndi utomoni pa kutentha kwakukulu, ndikupanga mawonekedwe ena apulasitiki, kuchepetsa mphamvu yolumikizana pakati pa mamolekyu mu utomoni, kufooketsa kukangana pakati pa mamolekyu, kuti muchepetse kusungunuka kwa ma viscosity a utomoni ndikuwongolera kusungunuka kwamadzi.Mafuta akunja amatenga gawo lopaka mafuta pakati pa utomoni ndi ufa wa nkhuni popanga pulasitiki, ndipo ntchito yake yayikulu ndikulimbikitsa kutsetsereka kwa tinthu ta utomoni.Nthawi zambiri mafuta opangira mafuta amakhala ndi zokometsera zamkati ndi zakunja.Mafuta amakhudza kwambiri moyo wautumiki wa nkhungu, mbiya ndi wononga, mphamvu yopangira extruder, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu popanga, kutha kwa zinthu komanso kutsika kwa kutentha kwa mbiriyo.Mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi awa: zinc stearate, ethylene bisfatty acid amide, sera ya polyester, stearic acid, lead stearate, sera ya polyethylene, sera ya paraffin, sera ya oxidized polyethylene ndi zina zotero.

d) Colorant Pogwiritsira ntchito matabwa-pulasitiki zipangizo gulu, zinthu solvable mu nkhuni ufa n'zosavuta kusamukira pamwamba pa mankhwala, kotero kuti decolorization mankhwala, ndipo potsirizira pake kukhala imvi, mankhwala osiyanasiyana mu malo ena ntchito, koma amatulutsanso mawanga akuda kapena dzimbiri.Chifukwa chake, ma colorants amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri popanga zinthu zopangidwa ndi matabwa-pulasitiki.Zingapangitse kuti mankhwalawa akhale ndi yunifolomu komanso mtundu wokhazikika, ndipo decolorization imachedwa.

e) Zopangira thovu zopangidwa ndi matabwa ndi pulasitiki zili ndi zabwino zambiri, koma chifukwa cha utomoni ndi ufa wa nkhuni, ductility yake ndi kukana kwake zimachepetsedwa, zinthuzo ndi zopanda pake, ndipo kachulukidwe kake kamakhala kokulirapo kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa matabwa achikhalidwe. mankhwala, kuchepetsa ntchito zake zambiri.Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kabwino ka thovu, pulasitiki yopangidwa ndi thovu-pulasitiki imatha kupitilira nsonga yong'ambira ndikuletsa kufalikira kwa mng'alu, motero kuwongolera kwambiri kukana ndi kukhazikika kwazinthuzo, ndikuchepetsa kwambiri kachulukidwe kazinthuzo.Pali mitundu yambiri ya zida zowomba, ndipo pali ziwiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri: zowomba m'mphepete mwa mpweya (monga sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3) ndi zowomba zoziziritsa kukhosi (azodibonamide AC), zomwe machitidwe awo amawola amasiyana, ndipo amakhala ndi zotsatira zosiyana pa viscoelasticity ndi thovu mawonekedwe a polima kusungunula, kotero yoyenera kuwomba wothandizila ayenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi zofunikira za ntchito mankhwala.

f) Kugwiritsa ntchito ma UV stabilizers ndi ma UV stabilizers kwachitikanso mwachangu ndikuwongolera zomwe anthu amafunikira kuti akhale abwino komanso olimba a matabwa apulasitiki.Iwo akhoza kupanga polima mu gulu zakuthupi si amanyoza kapena mawotchi katundu kuchepa.Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi otsekeka amine light stabilizers ndi ultraviolet absorbers.Komanso, pofuna kupanga gulu la zinthu akhoza kukhala ndi maonekedwe abwino ndi ntchito wangwiro, nthawi zambiri kofunika kuwonjezera antibacterial wothandizira, ndi kusankha antibacterial wothandizira ayenera kuganizira mtundu wa nkhuni ufa, kuchuluka kwa Kuwonjezera, mabakiteriya mu. malo ogwiritsira ntchito zinthu zophatikizika, zomwe zili m'madzi zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zinthu zina.Zinc borate, mwachitsanzo, imateteza koma osati algal.

Kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopangidwa ndi matabwa-pulasitiki sizidzatulutsa zovunda zomwe zingawononge thanzi la munthu kumalo ozungulira, ndipo zinthu zopangidwa ndi matabwa-pulasitiki zokha zimatha kubwezeredwa ndikugwiritsidwanso ntchito, kotero kuti zopangidwa ndi matabwa-pulasitiki ndi mtundu watsopano wachitetezo chachilengedwe chobiriwira. zopangidwa, zomwe zimatha kudziyeretsa zokha komanso kukhala ndi chiyembekezo chokulirapo