Makampani ethylene ku China pang'onopang'ono analowa nthawi okhwima, ndi zotumphukira kumunsi makamaka Pe, ethylene okusayidi (EO), EG, SM, polyvinyl kolorayidi (PVC) ndi mankhwala ena.Mu 2020, magulu asanu azinthu adatenga pafupifupi 97.2% yazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ethylene.Pakati pawo, gawo lalikulu kwambiri lazakudya ndi PE, lomwe limawerengera 63.5 peresenti yazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.Izi zinatsatiridwa ndi EO ndi EG, zomwe zinali 10.3% ndi 9.0% motsatira (onani Chithunzi 2).
1 |Chitukuko cha PE: mpikisano wa homogeneity ndi wamphamvu, kusiyanitsa, chitukuko chapamwamba
Zogulitsa zazikulu za PE ndi liniya otsika osalimba polyethylene (LLDPE), polyethylene otsika (LDPE), polyethylene yapamwamba kwambiri (HDPE) magulu atatu.PE ili ndi ubwino wa mtengo wotsika komanso mankhwala abwino, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri paulimi, mafakitale ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku.Kuchokera ku 2016 mpaka 2021, mphamvu zopanga zapakhomo za PE zidapitilira kukula, ndikukula kwapakati pa 12%, ndi mphamvu yokwanira yopanga matani 27.73 miliyoni / chaka mu 2021.
Pakalipano, zinthu za PE ku China zimadalira kwambiri zipangizo zotsika mtengo, ndipo zogulitsa zamtengo wapatali za PE zimadalira kwambiri katundu wochokera kunja, ndipo pali mavuto odziŵika bwino, omwe ndi otsala azinthu zotsika komanso kusowa kwa mankhwala apamwamba.M'zaka zingapo zikubwerazi, ndi kukula mosalekeza wa mphamvu zoweta PE kupanga, mpikisano homogeneous adzakhala kwambiri, ndi m'malo zoweta mankhwala apamwamba ndi yaikulu.Kutengera zinthu za metallocene polyethylene (mPE) monga mwachitsanzo, pakali pano msika wapakhomo ukufunika pafupifupi matani 1 miliyoni / chaka, ndipo kupanga kwa China mu 2020 ndi pafupifupi matani 110,000 okha.Kusiyana kwakukulu koperekera zinthu kumalimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja kwa mPE kuti zilowe mumsika waku China.Chifukwa chake, ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti PE ikhazikike m'njira yapamwamba komanso yosiyanitsa.
2 |EO chitukuko kachitidwe kaphatikizidwe ndi EO/EG kusintha kusintha
EO imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga EG, ndipo mabizinesi ambiri amatengera zida zopangira EO/EG.Kuphatikiza apo, EO itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pochepetsa madzi, polyether, disinfection ndi minda yotseketsa.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, ndi kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa phindu la msika wa EG, magawo ambiri opanga ma EO / EG adayamba kusinthira kupanga EO, ndikuganizira zosinthika zonse ziwiri, kuti apititse patsogolo phindu lazachuma.Mphamvu yopangira EO yakula kwambiri, koma chitukuko cha zinthu zotsika pansi chalowa m'nthawi ya botolo, ndipo chodabwitsa cha kufanana ndi homogeneity ndi chodziwikiratu.Zogulitsa zazikulu, monga polycarboxylic acid reduction agent monomer, surfactant ndi ethanolamine, zakhala zikuyang'anizana ndi kuchulukirachulukira, mpikisano wamafakitale ndi wowopsa, kuchuluka kwa magwiritsidwe ntchito kumachepetsedwa.Kuti izi, kudzera mu kuphatikizika kwachitukuko chakumtunda ndi kunsi kwa mtsinje, kudzakhala kothandiza kwambiri kupititsa patsogolo mpikisano wamakampani, monga ethylene, EO, EG, kumanga ku polyether monomer (monga polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, allyl polyoxyethylene ether, methyl allyl polyoxyethylene ether), polyoxyethylene nonionic surfactants (monga fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether) ndi unyolo wathunthu wamafakitale, Pitirizani kukulitsa kunsi kwa mtsinje, magulu olemera azinthu.
3 |EG: kukulitsa unyolo wamafakitale, masanjidwe opangira zinthu
EG ndiye gawo lachiwiri lalikulu kwambiri la ethylene.Kuchokera ku 2016 mpaka 2021, ndikupanga mapulojekiti angapo akuluakulu amafuta a malasha ndi ntchito zoyenga zophatikizika ndi mankhwala, mphamvu yopanga ma EG idakula chaka ndi chaka, ndikukwanitsa kupanga matani 21.452 miliyoni / chaka mu 2021.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, mphamvu ya EG ikupitirirabe kukula, koma kufunikira kwapansi kwatsika, kukwera kwakukulu kudzawonekera kwambiri.Pakuwona kutha kwa mowa, EG yathu imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga poliyesitala, kuwerengera kapangidwe ka EG kopitilira 90%, malo ogulitsa ndi amodzi okha, pali unyolo waufupi wakutsika kwamakampani, kapangidwe kazinthu kakufanana, mpikisano wamtengo wotsika. mavuto aakulu.
M'tsogolomu, tiyenera kuonjezera ntchito ndi chitukuko cha unsaturated poliyesitala utomoni, lubricating mafuta, plasticizer, sanali ionic surfactant, ❖ kuyanika, inki ndi mafakitale ena kudzera kutambasuka kwa unyolo mafakitale, pang'onopang'ono kusintha mkhalidwe wa ntchito limodzi, kupanga chain chain kuchokera kupanga mpaka ntchito, kukweza mtengo wowonjezera wazinthu, kuti muchepetse kuopsa kwa msika.
4 |Makhalidwe a SM: kuchuluka kwakukulu, kukhazikika kwamakampani akumunsi
Kumunsi kwa SM kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga ma polima a styrene ndi ma polima osiyanasiyana a ionic, monga polystyrene yoyaka (EPS), polystyrene (PS), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer (ABS), unsaturated polyester resin (UPR), rabara ya styrene. (SBR), styrene copolymer (SBC) ndi zinthu zina.Pakati pawo, EPS, PS ndi ABS amawerengera zoposa 70% za SM ku China, ndipo mankhwala awo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zipangizo zapakhomo, zipangizo zamagetsi, magalimoto, nyumba ndi mafakitale ena.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, popanga mayunitsi akuluakulu akumunsi omwe amathandizira kuyenga ndi kuphatikiza mankhwala ku China komanso kukwera kwa propylene oxide/styrene monomer (PO/SM), kupanga kwa SM kwawonetsa kukula kosalekeza. .Kuchokera ku 2020 mpaka 2022, kuchuluka kwa kupanga kwa SM kwakhala kukukulirakulira, ndipo akuyembekezeka kuti pofika kumapeto kwa 2022, mphamvu zopanga zizipitilira matani 20 miliyoni / chaka.Ndi kutulutsidwa kopitilira kwa mphamvu, njira yoperekera zinthu zapakhomo ndi zofunidwa zawona kusintha kwakukulu, ndi zotuluka kunja zikutsika kwambiri komanso kuchulukirachulukira kwa zogulitsa kunja.Popeza mphamvu yatsopano yopangira SM ndi yayikulu kuposa ya benzene yoyera mu 2021, zopangira zoyera za benzene zili mumkhalidwe wosowa, zomwe zimawonjezera phindu la kupanga kwa SM.Kuchokera pamalingaliro ogwiritsira ntchito, pakati pa misika itatu yakumunsi, makampani a ABS okha ndi omwe amasunga kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kukumba zowonjezera zomwe zimabweretsedwa ndi mphamvu zatsopano za SM.Zotsatira zake, SM imakhudzidwa ndi kutsutsana pakati pa kupereka ndi kufunikira ndi chithandizo chamtengo wapatali, ndipo msika ukuwonetsa zochitika zosiyanasiyana.Pamapeto pake, "chuma chakunyumba" chobwera chifukwa cha mliri wa COVID-19 chakulitsa kugulitsa kwa zida zazing'ono zapanyumba.Nthawi yomweyo, vuto la mliri likadali lalikulu kunja, ndipo kutumizidwa kwa zinthu zopewera miliri ndi zida zina zapakhomo zimaposa zomwe zimayembekezeredwa, zomwe zapangitsa kukula kwamakampani a SM ndikuwonjezera phindu.
5 |Chitukuko cha PVC: khalidwe ndi chitetezo cha chilengedwe zimayendera limodzi
PVC ndiye woyamba padziko lonse kupanga utomoni zakuthupi m'dziko lathu.Ndi magwiridwe ake apamwamba komanso chiŵerengero cha mtengo, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale ndi zinthu zatsiku ndi tsiku, zokhala ndi kukana kwamphamvu kwambiri, kuletsa moto, kukana kwa dzimbiri ndi mawonekedwe amagetsi.Kupanga kwa PVC kumakhala ndi mitundu iwiri yokonzekera, imodzi ndi njira ya calcium carbide, zopangira zazikulu ndi calcium carbide, malasha ndi mchere wosaphika.Ku China, chifukwa cha mphamvu ya malasha olemera, mafuta osasunthika ndi mpweya wochepa, njira ya calcium carbide ndiyo njira yayikulu.Popanga, madzi ambiri abwino amadyedwa, ndipo pali zolepheretsa monga kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri komanso kuipitsa.Chachiwiri, ethylene ndondomeko, waukulu zopangira ndi mafuta.Msika wapadziko lonse lapansi ndi njira ya ethylene, yokhala ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri, ukadaulo wapamwamba, chitetezo chachilengedwe, ndi zina zambiri, imatha kusintha njira ya calcium carbide m'tsogolomu.
China ndi omwe amapanga PVC kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, komanso ogula kwambiri, msika wapakhomo ndi wochuluka kwambiri.Mu ntchito panopa padziko lonse pulasitiki m'malo zitsulo, pulasitiki m'malo mwa matabwa njira, kuchepetsa kumwa mchere chuma ndi matabwa pansi chapansipansi, PVC utomoni wakwaniritsa chitukuko chachikulu, kutsika ntchito msika akupitiriza kukula, mu mbiri pulasitiki, mankhwala magazi. machubu, matumba oika magazi, magalimoto, zinthu zotulutsa thovu ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira kwa kutukuka kwa mizinda yaku China komanso kusintha kwa moyo wa anthu okhalamo, ziyembekezo ndi zofunikira za anthu pachitetezo cha chilengedwe zakhala zikukwezedwa mosalekeza.Kutsikira kwa makampani a PVC kwalowa mpikisano woopsa pakati pa khalidwe labwino ndi chitetezo cha chilengedwe, ndipo malo ogwiritsira ntchito akhala akukulitsidwa mosalekeza ndipo chikhalidwe cha chitukuko chosiyana chikuwonekera.
6 |Kukula kwazinthu zina |
Zinthu zina za ethylene kumunsi, monga ethylene - vinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), ethylene - vinyl alcohol copolymer ndi ethylene - acrylic acid copolymer, epdm, etc., akaunti yamakono ya zochepa, chiyembekezo chogwiritsira ntchito okhazikika, ntchito panopa akuthwa kukula chiyembekezo sindingakhoze kuwona, komanso sangathe kuona m'malo ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha ziwopsezo.Zogulitsa zapakhomo za polyolefin zapakhomo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa ndi zotchinga zakunja zakunja, monga ethylene-α-olefin (1-butene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, etc.) copolymer, ukadaulo wapakhomo siwokhwima, pali malo ambiri. zachitukuko.Zogulitsa zambiri zam'munsi za ethylene zimagwirizana ndi chitsogozo cha chitukuko cha anthu ndi zachuma komanso zofunikira pakukweza kwa anthu.Mwachitsanzo, pansi pa nsonga ya carbon ndi kusalowerera ndale kwa carbon, makampani a photovoltaic amalowa mumsewu wofulumira wa chitukuko, kufunikira kwa zipangizo za EVA photovoltaic zidzawonjezeka pa liwiro lalikulu, ndipo mtengo wamsika wa ethylene acetate udzapitirira kuthamanga kwambiri. .
Zikuyembekezeka kuti pofika chaka cha 2025, mphamvu yaku China yopangira ethylene ipitilira matani 70 miliyoni / chaka, zomwe zidzakwaniritse zofunikira zapakhomo, ndipo pangakhale zochulukirapo.Mothandizidwa ndi ndondomeko ya dziko la "double control" pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, makampani a malasha ndi mafakitale a petrochemical adzakumana ndi mayesero aakulu pa nthawi ya 14th Five-Year Plan, yomwe idzayambitsa kukayikira kwakukulu kwa polojekiti ya ethylene pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zakale zakufa. zipangizo.Pankhani ya kukwera kwa kaboni komanso kusalowerera ndale kwa kaboni, mabizinesi akulangizidwa kuti aganizire mozama za kuchepetsa ndi kulowetsa mpweya wa kaboni pokonzekera ntchito zotere, m'malo mwa mphamvu zamagetsi ndi mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa ndi magetsi oyeretsedwa, kuthetsa mphamvu zobwerera m'mbuyo ndikuchepetsa mphamvu zochulukirapo, ndikulimbikitsa. kusintha kwa mafakitale ndi kukweza.
Ethylene ndi haidrojeni opangidwa ndi projekiti ya ethane kusweka kwa ethylene ndizofunikira zopangira zomwe zimafunikira msika wapakhomo, ndi chiyembekezo chachitukuko chachikulu komanso phindu lamphamvu.Kudalira kwambiri kuchokera kunja, chuma cha ethane chapakhomo, komabe, pali malo amodzi opangira zinthu, malo osungirako zinthu zoperekedwa, zovuta zoyendetsa nyanja, monga "chiwopsezo chawo", akusonyeza kuti National Development and Reform Commission ndi madipatimenti ena ogulitsa mafakitale kuti alimbikitse ndondomeko yokonzekera. , mabizinesi kuphatikiza ndi momwe zinthu ziliri, amakwaniritsa kuthekera kwa projekiti, kupewa "kukhazikitsidwa, kubalika m'malingaliro".
Ethylene kunsi kwa mtsinje makamaka zotengera zapamwamba, zidzabweretsa msika waukulu kwambiri.Monga mPE, ethylene-α-olefin copolymer, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, mowa wambiri wa carbon, cyclic olefin polima ndi zinthu zina zidzakhala zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pamsika.M'tsogolomu, ntchito zatsopano monga kuyenga ndi kuphatikiza mankhwala, CTO / MTO, ndi ethane cracking adzapereka zokwanira ethylene yaiwisi yaiwisi kufulumizitsa chitukuko cha makampani ethylene kumunsi kwa chitsogozo cha "kusiyana, mkulu-mapeto ndi ntchito".
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-03-2022