Waya ndi chingwe zipangizo akhoza kugawidwa mu conductive zipangizo, insulating zipangizo, zoteteza, zipangizo zoteteza, kudzaza zipangizo ndi zina zotero malinga ndi ntchito zawo ndi ntchito.Malinga ndi katundu wakuthupi, zikhoza kugawidwa mu zitsulo (mkuwa, zotayidwa, zotayidwa aloyi, zitsulo), pulasitiki (PVC, Pe, PP, XLPE / XL-PVC, PU, ​​TPE / PO), mphira, etc. Koma ena mwa zipangizozi ndizofala kumagulu angapo.Makamaka zipangizo thermoplastic, monga polyvinyl kolorayidi, polyethylene, bola kusintha mbali ya chilinganizo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kutchinjiriza kapena m'chimake.

Kenako, tikuyambitsa wamba sanali zitsulo waya ndi chingwe zipangizo

Chimodzi, polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

PVC nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zotchingira komanso zoteteza.PVC monga waya ndi chingwe ntchito kutchinjiriza ntchito: si kosavuta kuwotcha, kukana ukalamba, kukana mafuta, kukana mankhwala, kukana zimakhudza, mitundu yosavuta;Komabe, chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwakukulu kwa dielectric, nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholumikizira cha chingwe chochepa mphamvu komanso chingwe chowongolera.

PVC monga waya ndi chingwe m'chimake ntchito: ndi bwino kuvala kukana, kukana mafuta, asidi, alkali, mabakiteriya, chinyezi ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, ndi lawi ntchito ali kudziletsa ntchito;PVC m'chimake ali osachepera ntchito kutentha -40 ° C ndi mkulu kutentha kukana 105 ° C.

2, polyethylene (PE)

PE ambiri thupi katundu: woyera waxy, translucent, ofewa ndi olimba, pang'ono amatha kutambasula, kuwala kuposa madzi, sanali poizoni;Makhalidwe oyatsira: kuyaka, kuchokera pamoto kuti apitirize kuyaka, kumapeto kwa lawi lamoto ndi lachikasu ndipo kumapeto kwa buluu ndi buluu, kusungunuka kumatulutsa pamene kuyaka, kumatulutsa fungo la parafini;Polyethylene processing kusungunuka mfundo osiyanasiyana ndi 132 ~ 1350C, poyatsira kutentha ndi 3400C, mowiriza kuyaka kutentha ndi 3900C.

Polyethylene (PE) nthawi zambiri imagawidwa m'magulu angapo a LDPE, MDPE, HDPE, FMPE.

1, LDPE: otsika kachulukidwe polyethylene ndi mmodzi wa opepuka mndandanda wa polyethylene, amatchedwanso otsika-anzanu polyethylene, kapangidwe makhalidwe ndi nonlinear, ali otsika crystallinity ndi kufewetsa mfundo, ali kusinthasintha bwino, elongation, kutchinjiriza magetsi, transparency, ndi mphamvu yamphamvu kwambiri.Pansi kachulukidwe polyethylene ali ndi osauka mawotchi mphamvu, kutsika kutentha kukana ndipo, kuwonjezera, kufooka zoonekeratu ndi osauka kukana kusokoneza chilengedwe akulimbana.

2, MDPE: sing'anga kachulukidwe polyethylene, amatchedwanso sing'anga kuthamanga polyethylene ndi Philip polyethylene, ntchito yake ndi mkulu osalimba polyethylene gawo nuo, fakitale salinso ntchito, osati mwatsatanetsatane apa.

3, HDPE, mkulu osalimba polyethylene ndi otsika osalimba polyethylene, wotchedwanso mkulu kuthamanga polyethylene, ali ndi ntchito yabwino mabuku, monga bwino kutentha kukana ndi mphamvu makina, monga kumangika kutalika, kupinda mphamvu, psinjika mphamvu ndi kukameta ubweya mphamvu), ndi kuwongolera mpweya wamadzi ndi zotchinga mpweya, kukana kupsinjika kwachilengedwe ndikopambana.

4, FMPE: PE yokhala ndi thovu ndiye chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi thovu, pogwiritsa ntchito polyethylene yokhala ndi thovu, nthawi yake ya dielectric imatha kuchepetsedwa mpaka 1.55.Ngati umisiri watsopano wa kutengera thovu thupi, ndiye, pamene extrusion kuti inert mpweya (nayitrogeni kapena mpweya) mu chosungunula polyethylene thovu, yaing'ono thovu angapezeke kuchokera polyethylene thovu, thovu digiri akhoza kulamulidwa pakati pa 35-40. %, kuposa 40% Zhui, dielectric nthawi zonse akhoza kuchepetsedwa kukhala 1.20 kapena apo, ndipo chifukwa sagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala thovu wothandizila, kutchinjiriza kulibe thovu wotsalira wothandizila, ndi imfa dielectric akhoza kuchepetsedwa kwambiri, amene wafika. mlingo wa kutchinjiriza mpweya.

Polyethylene imakhala ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri yotchinjiriza magetsi ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polumikizira chingwe.Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo luso ndi zizindikiro zachuma za zingwe zoyankhulirana, polyethylene ya thovu imagwiritsidwa ntchito.Kuti kusintha chilengedwe nkhawa akulimbana ntchito, kuwonjezera pa ntchito XPE, akhoza kusankha kusungunuka index wa PE yaing'ono.Nthawi zambiri, kulemera kwa ma molekyulu (kuchuluka kwa melting index), kumapangitsa kuti chilengedwe chisamavutike kwambiri.Mlozera wosungunuka womwe uli pansipa 0.4 ukhoza kupewa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe.Kachulukidwe wa 0.950, index yosungunuka yamitundu yaying'ono, yolimbana kwambiri ndi kupsinjika kwa chilengedwe.Ngati kachulukidwe kake ndi kokulirapo kuposa 0.95, kukana kwapang'onopang'ono kwachilengedwe kumakhala koipitsitsa, koma kachulukidwe kakang'ono kamene kamasungunuka komweko ndikwabwinoko.Komabe, kuumba kwa HDPE nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi nkhawa zotsalira zamkati, zomwe ziyenera kutsatiridwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito.

Kusakaniza PE ndi EVA mu gawo linalake kungapangitse kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe;Kusakaniza ndi PP kungapangitse kuuma;Kusakanikirana ndi PE ya kachulukidwe kosiyana, kumatha kusintha kufewa kwake ndi kuuma kwake.

Ethylene - vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA)

EVA ndi mtundu wa thermoplastic wokhala ndi zotanuka ngati mphira wa nuo, machitidwe ake ndi zomwe zili mu vinyl acetate (VA) zimakhala ndi ubale wabwino: VA yaying'ono imakhala ngati polyethylene yapamwamba, ndipo VA imakhala ngati mphira.EVA nuo high pressure polyethylene yokhala ndi VA yotsika, yofewa komanso mphamvu yabwino, yoyenera kupanga zida zophatikizika.

EVA ali elasticity wabwino ndi otsika kutentha kusinthasintha, kukana mankhwala, nyengo kukana, ndi LDPE copolymerization, akhoza kusintha chilengedwe akulimbana kukana LDPE, kukana zimakhudza, kuuma ndi adhesion pakati kondakitala ndi kutchinjiriza.

Tetrapolypropylene (PP)

Mphamvu yokoka ya polypropylene ndi 0.89 mpaka 0.91, yomwe ndi yaying'ono kwambiri pamapulasitiki wamba.Ili ndi mphamvu zamakina abwino kwambiri, kutentha kofewa kwambiri mu utomoni wa thermoplastic, komanso kukana kutentha kochepa komanso kukana kukalamba.Kukaniza kozungulira kokhako kumakhala kocheperako pang'ono, koma kumatha kupitilizidwa ndi copolymerization ndi stabilizers.

General katundu wa polypropylene: KUKHALA kwa PP ndi kofanana kwambiri ndi HDPE, ndi phula loyera lolimba, lowonekera kwambiri kuposa PE, lopanda poizoni, loyaka moto ndipo lidzapitiriza kuyaka pambuyo pa moto, ndikutulutsa fungo la mafuta a petroleum nuo.

Poyerekeza ndi polyethylene, polypropylene ili ndi zotsatirazi:

1, PP pamwamba kuuma ndi apamwamba kuposa PE, kuvala kukana ndi kupindika mapindikidwe luso ndi zabwino kwambiri, kotero PP amadziwika kuti "otsika osalimba mkulu mphamvu pulasitiki".

2, PP ndi yabwino kuposa PE mwayi wina ndi pafupifupi palibe chilengedwe kupsinjika akulimbana chodabwitsa, PP ali kukana kwambiri kusokoneza chilengedwe akulimbana.Komabe, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma cell a PP, magwiridwe antchito ake pakutentha komanso kutentha kochepa ndi koyipa kwambiri.

3, KUCHITA kwa magetsi kwa PP: PP ndi zinthu zopanda polar, kotero pali magetsi abwino.

Kusungunula kwake kwamagetsi kumakhala kofanana ndi LDPE, ndipo sikumasintha pafupipafupi.Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwake kwambiri, dielectric constant ndi yaying'ono kuposa LDPE (ε = 2.0 ~ 2.5), dielectric loss Angle tangent ndi 0.0005 ~ 0.001, resistivity ya voliyumu ya 1014 ω.M, kusweka kumunda mphamvu ndi mkulu kwambiri, 30MV/m;Kuphatikiza apo, kuyamwa kwamadzi ndikochepa kwambiri, kotero PP itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zotchinjiriza pafupipafupi.

Zinthu zisanu za polyester

Zinthu zamtunduwu zimadziwika ndi ma modulus apamwamba, kukana kugwetsa misozi, kukana kuvala kwambiri, kutsika kwambiri komanso kutsika pang'ono, malire apamwamba a kutentha kwake ndi 1500C, kuposa mphira wina wa thermoplastic, komanso ali ndi kukana kwakukulu kwamafuta, kukana zosungunulira. makhalidwe.